Innovative Approach to Gap Mitigation in Continuous Concrete Pile Wharves: Bandar Anzali Case Study

Abstract: This research focuses on the critical issue of gap formation in continuous concrete pile wharves, a prevalent problem in maritime infrastructure, particularly highlighted by the case study of Bandar Anzali port. As these facilities age, problems such as undermining and scouring can exacerbate the severity of these gaps, leading to aggregate washout and compromising the integrity of wharf structures. Such gaps usually arise during construction due to pile deviation and casing removal and can widen as the concrete degrades in the dynamic marine environment, posing a significant threat to the durability and operational efficiency of maritime facilities. Utilizing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), this study successfully identified the locations of cavities induced by undermining and scouring, enabling targeted repairs. The research introduced innovative solutions, including flexible formwork and specially designed bags filled with expanding grout, tailored to effectively seal the identified gaps. Additionally, the use of self-compacting concrete ensured that all voids and inaccessible cavities were fully filled, significantly enhancing the structural stability of the wharves at Bandar Anzali. This success demonstrates the broad applicability and effectiveness of innovative techniques and solutions in maritime infrastructure, particularly in ports with similar structural challenges. Employed effectively at Bandar Anzali, these methods offer a promising blueprint for other maritime settings requiring resilient and efficient repair and maintenance strategies. The adaptability of these techniques to diverse environments underscores their potential for widespread implementation, marking a significant advancement in port and harbor engineering.

How does this project / topic contribute to the advancement of the industry and profession?: This project enhances maritime infrastructure by introducing advanced repair methods for wharves, improving their durability and operational efficiency. By effectively addressing gap formation, the project sets a new standard in port maintenance and resilience.

Does the project / topic implement new and innovative techniques, materials, technologies, and delivery methods?: Yes, the project implements novel techniques and materials. It utilizes Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for precise anomaly detection and employs a unique combination of flexible formwork and concrete bags filled with expanding grout powder, designed specifically for sealing gaps in wharf structures. Additionally, the use of self-compacting concrete represents an innovative approach to ensuring comprehensive and effective sealing, showcasing a forward-thinking approach to maritime construction challenges.

What was the most challenging aspect of your project / topic and how did you handle it to ensure success?: The most challenging aspect was accurately identifying and sealing the gaps causing aggregate washout under the wharf deck. This was addressed through the innovative use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for precise detection and the development of a novel sealing method using flexible formwork and specially designed concrete bags. These solutions ensured effective sealing of gaps and maintenance of structural integrity, thereby overcoming the central challenge of the project.

Who is the target audience for this paper?: The target audience for this paper includes engineers, researchers, and practitioners in maritime infrastructure, especially those focusing on the design, construction and maintenance of wharf structures. It is also highly relevant for academic institutions and industry professionals involved in maritime construction and repair, providing them with insights into innovative methods and practical solutions for common structural challenges in their field.